Варіанти холодного видавлювання вісесиметричних порожнистих напівфабрикатів для подальшого витягування з потоншенням

Volodymyr Dragobetskyi; Oleksandr Kaliuzhnyi; Volodymyr Kaliuzhnyi

doi:10.20535/2521-1943.2025.9.4(107).315915

Authors

Volodymyr Dragobetskyi Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-3079
Oleksandr Kaliuzhnyi IT education academy, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-6473
Volodymyr Kaliuzhnyi National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4904-8879

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2025.9.4(107).315915

Keywords:

finite element method, cold extrusion, hollow semi-finished product, force, temperature, strain rate

Abstract

Problems. Cold extrusion of hollow semi-finished products is used as the first stamping step in the manufacture of shell casings and bodies of certain caliber. In the context of mass production of semi-finished products, the task of increasing the stability of the deforming tool during cold forming is of paramount importance, which will lead to a reduction in the cost of semi-finished products. Increased durability can be achieved by reducing extrusion forces and specific forces on the deforming tool, in particular on punches and dies. To produce hollow semi-finished products, a reverse extrusion scheme is currently widely used, in which the diameter of the workpiece is the same as the outer diameter of the semi-finished product. Hot-rolled round billets are produced from hot-rolled round steel by waste-free shear cutting in dies on presses. The use of forward extrusion with feeding and reverse extrusion with feeding in a moving die results in a lower deformation force compared to reverse extrusion and requires the use of smaller billets with the same external dimensions of semi-finished products. Reducing the diameter of rolled products for the manufacture of blanks by shear separation leads to an increase in the geometric accuracy of the resulting blanks, which is the second objective when extruding hollow semi-finished products.

Objective. A comparative analysis of cold extrusion of hollow semi-finished products for further drawing with thinning using the schemes of reverse extrusion, direct extrusion with dispensing and reverse extrusion with dispensing in a moving die based on computer modeling by the finite element method.
Methods of realization. By simulating the cold extrusion of hollow semi-finished products according to three molding schemes, parameters are established, based on the analysis of which a rational scheme is selected for use in production.
Results. Using the finite element method (FEM), the processes of cold extrusion of round hollow semi-finished products were modeled according to the schemes of traditional reverse extrusion, direct extrusion with dispensing, and reverse extrusion with dispensing in a moving die. The dependence of the forces of extrusion, removal of punches from semi-finished products, and pushing semi-finished products out of dies on the movement of the deforming tool was determined. The specific forces on the punch, die, and ejector were determined. The distributions of temperature and strain intensity in the deformed metal at the end of extrusion were determined. The development of the metal structure by cold plastic deformation along the width of the walls and in the bottom parts of hollow semi-finished products was evaluated. The scheme of reverse extrusion in a moving die provides reduced values of the deformation force and requires the use of a smaller diameter billet compared to the reverse extrusion and has increased productivity compared to the direct extrusion.

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