Surface Modification Processes for Use in LEO, GEO and Planetary Environments

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2019.86.190488

Keywords:

Surface modification, space environment, low Earth orbit, PhotosilTM, ImplantoxTM, SurfTexTM, CarbosurfTM, Carbosurf

Abstract

Abstract. ITL Inc. through its 30 years of activities in space exploration developed a number of unique processes for impairing new properties to space-bound materials that are exposed in LEO, GEO and planetary environments to space factors like atomic oxygen, ultraviolet radiation, charged energetic particles, etc.

For materials flown in LEO missions, the atomic oxygen remains the major hazard. We developed a number of surface modification processes like Photosil, Implantox to change the surface structure of many polymer materials and paints and make them atomic oxygen resistive. For systems operating in GEO orbits the charging effects are among the major hazards. Two surface modification processed developed by ITL successfully solved these problems, while keeping the RF transparency of materials where necessary.

References

  1. Minton, T.K., Seale, J.W., Garton, D.J. and Frandsen, A.K. (2001), “Dynamics of Atomic-oxygen Degradation of Materials”, In Proceedings of ICPMSE–4, “Protection of Space Materials from Space Environment”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Space Technology Proceedings, v.4, eds. J.I. Kleiman and R.C. Tennyson, Toronto, Canada, May 1–3, 2002, pp. 15 – 31.
  2. Pascual, R.Z, Schatz, G.C. and Garton, D.J. (1995), “A Direct Trajectory Dynamics Investigation of Fast O+ Alkane Reactions”, In Proceedings of ICPMSE–6, Protection of Materials and Structures from the Space Environment, Toronto, April 23–24, 1998, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Space Technology Proceedings, v.5, eds. J.I. Kleiman and Z.I. Iskanderova, 2003, pp. 537 – 541.
  3. Kleiman, J.I. (2010), “Surface Modification Technologies for Durable Space Polymers”, MRS Bulletin, January, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 55 – 65.
  4. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J., Mojazza, B. and Sutton, M. (1993), “Erosion Protection and Surface Conductivity Enhancement of TOR Polymers by Implantox Technology”, in Proceedings of the 9th Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment, 16–20 June 1993, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, pp. 473 – 478, June; Goudimenko, Y., Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J., Cool, G.R., Morison, D., Tennyson, R.C. 1997, “Erosion Protection of Polymer Materials in Space”, in: Proc. 7th Intern. Symp., Materials in Space Environment, Toulouse, France, pp. 403 – 410.
  5. Goudimenko, Y., Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J., Cool, G.R., Morison, D. and Tennyson, R.C. (1997), “Erosion Protection of Polymer Materials in Space”, in: Proc. 7th Intern. Symp., Materials in Space Environment, Toulouse, France, pp. 403 – 410.
  6. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J., Gudimenko, Y., Morison, W.D. and Tennyson, R.C. (1997A), “Improvement of Oxidation and Erosion Resistance of Polymers and Composites in Space Environment by Ion Implantation”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, vol. B127/128, p. 702 – 709.
  7. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J., Morison, W.D. and Tennyson, R.C. (1998), “Erosion Resistance and Durability Improvement of Polymers and Composites in Space Environment by Ion Implantation”, Mat. Chem. Phys. vol. 54, pp. 91 – 97.
  8. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J.I., Gudimenko, Y., Morison, W.D. and Tennyson, R.C. (1999), “Surface Modification of Polymer–Based Materials by Ion Implantation – A New Approach for Protection in LEO”, in: Protection of Materials and Structures in LEO Space Environment, Eds. J.I. Kleiman, R.C. Tennyson, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 225 – 234.
  9. Gudimenko Y, Ng R, Kleiman J, Iskanderova Z, Hughes PC, Tennyson RC, Milligan D (2002) “ PhotosilTM Surface Modification Treatment of Polymer-Based Space Materials and External Space Components”, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment – ICPMSE–6, eds. Kleiman, J. and Iskanderova, Z., Toronto, May 1 – 3, pp. 419 – 434.
  10. Gudimenko, Y., Ng. R., Kleiman, J.I., Iskanderova ZA, Tennyson R.C., Hughes P.C., Milligan D., Grigorevski A., Shuiski M., Kiseleva L., Edwards D., Finckenor M. (2003) “Enhancement of Surface Durability of Space Materials and Structures in LEO Environment”, in: Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment, 16 – 20 June 2003, (ESA SP–540. September 2003), Noordwijk, The Netherlands, pp. 95 – 106.
  11. Kleiman, J., Iskanderova, Z. and Tennyson, R.C. (1998), “Ion Implantation Protects Surfaces”, Advanced Materials and Processes, pp. 26 – 30.
  12. Kleiman, J.I., Iskanderova, Z.A., Gudimenko, Y.I., Morison, W.D. and Tennyson, R.C. (1999), “Polymers and Composites in the Low Earth Orbit Space Environment: Interaction and Protection”, Canadian Aeronautic and Space Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 148 – 160.
  13. Kleiman, J.I., Popov, O., Tong, A. and Molenda, D. (1996), “Development of High Diffuse Reflectance Surfaces on Teflon”, April, 25 – 26, in Proceedings of the ICPMSE–3 Conference, Publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 167 – 177.
  14. Kleiman, J.I. and Gudimenko, Y. (1997), “Reduced Glare, High Diffuse Reflectance Teflon Surfaces for Improved Performance of Video Cameras on Canadian MSS For SS Alpha”, The 7–th International Symposium on Materials in a Space Environment, ENSAE–SUPAERO, 16–20 June, Toulouse, Franc, pp. 419 – 425.
  15. Kleiman, J.I., Iskanderova, Z. and Antoniazzi, J. (2009), Long Term Flight Performance of High Diffuse Reflectance Ag/Teflon Coverings Flown on Canadian Mobile Servicing Station, MSS, Proceedings of the ISMSE–11 Symposium, Aix–en-Provence, France, (available on CD), 15–18 September 2009.
  16. Goudimenko, Y., Kleiman, J.I., Cool, G.R., Iskanderova, Z., Tennyson, R.C. (1999), Modyfikatsiya pidzemnoyi oblasti polimeriv ta materialiv na osnovi vuhletsyu [Modification of Subsurface Region of Polymers and Carbon–Based Materials], U.S., Pat. 5,948,484.
  17. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J.I., Goudimenko, Y., Cool, G.R., Tennyson, R.C. (1997B), Modyfikatsiya poverkhni polimernykh ta vuhletsevykh materialiv shlyakhom ionnoyi implantatsiyi ta okyslyuvalʹnoyi konversiyi [Surface Modification of Polymer and Carbon–Based Materials by Ion Implantation and Oxidative Conversion], U.S., Pat. 5,683,757.
  18. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J.I. and Bussieres, F. (2015), Sposib vyhotovlennya dysypatyvnykh poverkhonʹ zaryadiv z polimernykh materialiv z nyzʹkoyu temperaturoyu zalezhnosti oporu poverkhni ta nyzʹkykh vtrat RF [Method of Making Charge Dissipative Surfaces of Polymeric Materials with Low Temperature Dependence of Surface Resistivity and Low RF Loss], U.S., Pat. 9,174,396 B2.
  19. Nömayr, Ch., Zimmermann, C., Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J. (2015), Sposib vyhotovlennya poverkhnevoho sharu, shcho rozsiyuye zaryad [Method for manufacturing a charge dissipative surface layer], Pat. PCT WO 2015/074758 Al.
  20. Iskanderova, Z., Kleiman, J.I., Issoupov, V. and Bussieres, F. (2009), “CARBOSURF™ Surface Modification Technology for Charge Dissipative and Radio–Transparent GEO Durable Space Polymers”, in Proceedings of the 9th International Conference “Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment”, Toronto, Canada, 20 – 23 May, 2008, ed. J.I. Kleiman, AIP Conference Proceedings 1087, 2009, pp. 588 – 599.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-29

How to Cite

[1]
J. I. Kleiman, “Surface Modification Processes for Use in LEO, GEO and Planetary Environments”, Mech. Adv. Technol., no. 2(86), pp. 138–145, Dec. 2019.

Issue

No. 2(86) (2019)

Section

Aviation Systems and Technologies

License

Copyright (c) 2020 Mechanics and Advanced Technologies

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The ownership of copyright remains with the Authors.
 
Authors may use their own material in other publications provided that the Journal is acknowledged as the original place of publication and National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” as the Publisher.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under CC BY 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work